Archives May 2020

3D chemical imaging of the brain using quantitative IR spectro-microscopy.

3D chemical imaging of the brain using quantitative IR spectro-microscopy.

Three-dimensional (3D) histology is the subsequent frontier for contemporary anatomopathology. Characterizing irregular parameters in a tissue is important to grasp the rationale of pathology growth. However, there is no such thing as a analytical approach, in vivo or histological, that is ready to uncover such irregular options and supply a 3D distribution at microscopic decision.

Here, we introduce a singular high-throughput infrared (IR) microscopy methodology that mixes automated picture correction and subsequent spectral information evaluation for 3D-IR picture reconstruction.

We carried out spectral evaluation of a whole organ for a small animal mannequin, a mouse brain with an implanted glioma tumor. The 3D-IR picture is reconstructed from 370 consecutive tissue sections and corrected using the X-ray tomogram of the organ for an correct quantitative evaluation of the chemical content material.

 3D chemical imaging of the brain using quantitative IR spectro-microscopy.
3D chemical imaging of the brain using quantitative IR spectro-microscopy.

A 3D matrix of 89 × 106 IR spectra is generated, permitting us to separate the tumor mass from wholesome brain tissues based mostly on varied anatomical, chemical, and metabolic parameters. We show that quantitative metabolic parameters might be extracted from the IR spectra for the characterization of the brain vs. tumor metabolism (assessing the Warburg impact in tumors). Our methodology might be additional exploited by looking for the complete spectral profile, discriminating tumor vs. wholesome tissue in a non-supervised method, which we name ‘spectromics’.

Potentiating tangle formation reduces acute toxicity of soluble tau species in the rat

Tauopathies are neurodegenerative illnesses characterised by the aggregation of tau protein. These pathologies exhibit all kinds of scientific and anatomo-pathological displays, which can end result from completely different pathological mechanisms.

Although tau inclusions are a standard characteristic in all these illnesses, current proof as a substitute implicates small oligomeric aggregates as drivers of tau-induced toxicity. Hence in vivo mannequin programs displaying both soluble or fibrillary varieties of wild-type or mutant tau are wanted to higher determine their respective pathological pathways. Here we used adeno-associated viruses to mediate gene switch of human tau to the rat brain to develop fashions of pure tauopathies.

Two completely different constructs had been used, every giving rise to a particular phenotype creating in lower than three months. First, hTAUWT overexpression led to a powerful hyperphosphorylation of the protein, which was related to neurotoxicity in the absence of any vital aggregation. In sharp distinction, its co-expression with the pro-aggregation peptide TauRD-ΔK280 in the hTAUProAggr group strongly promoted its aggregation into Gallyas-positive neurofibrillary tangles, whereas preserving neuronal survival.

Our outcomes help the speculation that soluble tau species are key gamers of tau-induced neurodegeneration.

Nanopathology and its purposes inside the forensic self-discipline

The affect of nanopathology in medication essentially includes additionally the anatomo-pathological diagnostics, as a result of of the present giant unfold of nanoparticles in the setting and the huge spectrum of correlated human illnesses.

The fundamental entrance gates of nanoparticles into the physique are respiratory inhalation, gastro-intestinal absorption and injection of polluted medicine. In all these circumstances, their penetration in the lymphatic or blood streams are potential, with subsequent systemic translocation. Different illnesses might be generated by nanoparticles publicity, from a direct contact irritation to the onset of granulomatous illnesses. Interestingly, they will additionally act as endocrine disruptors on the autocrine and paracrine programs.

At mobile stage, nanoparticles can injury the DNA content material resulting in a subsequent tumorigenesis. In the forensic setting, they are often searched in case of identified publicity to inorganic particulate matter or in case of illnesses of unknown origin, from granulomatous reactions to international inclusions in neoplastic tissues.

The mixed physical-histopathological research enable to narrate potential environmental/industrial air pollution with the pathology and provide a novel instrument for forensic investigations, however, general, they symbolize new technical evidences for attorneys to current in a court docket.

Pathologies of peritoneo-vaginal canal in pediatric surgery at the teaching hospital Gabriel Touré

Pathologies of peritoneo-vaginal canal in pediatric surgery at the teaching hospital Gabriel Touré

The closure anomalies of the peritoneal-vaginal canal embrace a number of scientific entities, that are at the origin of varied symptomatology.

OBJECTIVE

To examine the anatomo-clinical and therapeutic points of pathologies of the peritoneal-vaginal canal.

Pathologies of peritoneo-vaginal canal in pediatric surgery at the teaching hospital Gabriel Touré
Pathologies of peritoneo-vaginal canal in pediatric surgery at the teaching hospital Gabriel Touré

METHODS

This was a potential examine from January 1st to December 31st, 2015 carried out in the pediatric surgery division of University Hospital Gabriel Touré. It coated all kids aged 0-15 years previous with a pathology of the peritoneal-vaginal canal working in the division throughout the examine interval. This examine didn’t embrace circumstances that weren’t operated on or not seen throughout the examine interval.

RESULTS

During the examine interval, 2,699 kids had been handled in pediatric surgery, of which 150 circumstances of pathology of the peritoneal-vaginal canal had a hospital frequency of 5.5%. The common age was 3.25 ± 9.63 years. The intercourse ratio was 14. The cause for session was intermittent or everlasting inguinal or inguino-scrotal swelling in all kids.

The pathology was found by the dad and mom throughout the pushing efforts in 46.7%. Inguino-scrotal swelling was discovered on bodily examination in 40% of circumstances. The proper facet was reached in 60% of the circumstances. Hernia accounted for 80.6% of these pathologies. We recorded 31 circumstances of strangulation and 11 circumstances of craze. Immediate operative follow-up was easy in 92% of sufferers. This charge was 96% after 6 months.

CONCLUSIONS

Pathologies of the peritoneal-vaginal canal are quite common in pediatric surgical apply. The first place of these pathologies is occupied by hernia. They preferentially have an effect on male infants.

Atrophy, metabolism and cognition in the posterior cortical atrophy spectrum primarily based on Alzheimer’s illness cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers

BACKGROUND

In vivo scientific, anatomical and metabolic variations between posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) sufferers presenting with totally different Alzheimer’s illness (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers profiles are nonetheless unknown.METHODSTwenty-seven PCA sufferers underwent CSF examination and had been categorized as 1) PCA with a typical CSF AD profile (PCA-tAD;

irregular amyloid and T-tau/P-tau biomarkers, n = 13); 2) PCA with an atypical AD CSF profile (PCA-aAD; irregular amyloid biomarker solely, n = 9); and three) PCA not related to AD (PCA-nonAD; regular biomarkers, n = 5). All sufferers underwent scientific and cognitive evaluation, structural MRI, and a subset of them underwent mind 18F-FDG PET.

RESULTS

All sufferers’ teams confirmed a typical sample of posterior GM atrophy and hypometabolism typical of PCA, in addition to equal demographics and scientific/cognitive profiles. PCA-tAD sufferers confirmed a group-specific sample of hypometabolism in the left fusiform gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus. PCA-aAD didn’t current a group-specific atrophy sample. Finally, group-specific grey matter atrophy in the proper dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left caudate nucleus and proper medial temporal areas and hypometabolism in the proper supplementary motor space and paracentral lobule had been noticed in PCA-nonAD sufferers.

CONCLUSION

SOur findings recommend that each PCA-tAD and PCA-aAD sufferers are on the AD continuum, in settlement with the not too long ago advised A/T/N mannequin. Furthermore, in PCA, the underlying pathology has an impression at least on the anatomo-functional presentation. Brain harm noticed in PCA-tAD and PCA-aAD was largely in keeping with the well-described presentation of the illness, though it was extra widespread in PCA-tAD group, particularly in the left temporal lobe.

Additional fronto-temporal (particularly dorsolateral prefrontal) harm appears to be a clue to underlying non-AD pathology in PCA, which warrants the want for longitudinal follow-ups to analyze frontal signs in these sufferers.

Charcot's paradox.

Charcot’s paradox.

Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893), thought of the daddy of recent neurology, had a specific curiosity in pathology and realized to worth anatomical findings. Among his essential contributions is the usage of the anatomo-clinical technique in neurology. Although described as chilly and impatient in his interpersonal relations, Charcot had a fantastic affection for animals.

He had two canines in his house, which he known as Carlo and Sigurd, and somewhat monkey, Rosalie. Despite his fascination with neuropathology and anatomo-clinical correlations, Charcot disapproved of research utilizing animal species aside from people, a seemingly paradoxical angle.

 Charcot's paradox.
Charcot’s paradox.

As a consequence, Charcot’s human research resulted in vital advances in neurology as, previous to his analysis, anatomical observations of animals had been extrapolated to people, resulting in conceptual errors.

Morphology of the lateral fossa of the mind (sylvian valley): anatomo-radiological facets and surgical software

The information acquired on the lateral fossa of the mind (LFB) is heterogeneous and incomplete. Our purpose was to supply a morphological description of the LFB and analyze the impression of those descriptions on the surgical strategy of the area.The morphology of LFB was studied on 40 cerebral hemispheres of 20 right-handed topics aged 18-55 years with an MRI of 1.5 T.

The anatomo-radiological identification of the 2 part ranges preceded the outline of the shapes of the LFB. From these landmarks, the kinds introduced by the LFB had been recognized and described on every of the transverse, sagittal and frontal planes.

The comparability of the proportion of shapes made it potential to establish the everyday shapes at every part stage and on every part aircraft.The common age of the topics was 33 years with extremes of 19 and 54 years together with 7 ladies and 13 right-handed males. According to the aircraft and the extent of part, 6 typical morphologies of the LFB have been described, 2 of which had been an identical.

Possible Post-Traumatic Focal Dystonia Associated with Tau Pathology Localized to Putamen-Globus Pallidus

The kinds didn’t differ in keeping with the cerebral hemisphere or the intercourse of the topic. The set of typical morphologies made it potential to find out a reference topic known as NSK which introduced the best variety of typical morphological traits.Knowledge of LFB anatomical imaging is of paramount significance within the pre-surgical analysis of pathologies on this area.

The reference topic will probably be used for our future biometric and three-dimensional guide reconstruction work on this area.

Pilot Study of Voxel-Based Morphometric MRI Post-processing in Patients With Non-lesional Operculoinsular Epilepsy

Pilot Study of Voxel-Based Morphometric MRI Post-processing in Patients With Non-lesional Operculoinsular Epilepsy

Objective: The purpose of this examine was to make use of voxel-based MRI post-processing in detection of delicate FCD in drug-resistant operculoinsular epilepsy sufferers with unfavourable presurgical MRI, and by combining magnetoencephalography (MEG) to enhance the localization of epileptogenic zone. 

Pilot Study of Voxel-Based Morphometric MRI Post-processing in Patients With Non-lesional Operculoinsular Epilepsy
Pilot Study of Voxel-Based Morphometric MRI Post-processing in Patients With Non-lesional Operculoinsular Epilepsy

Methods: Operculoinsular epilepsy sufferers with a unfavourable presurgical MRI had been included in this examine. MRI post-processing was carried out utilizing a Morphometric Analysis Program (MAP) on T1-weighted volumetric MRI.

Clinical data together with semiology, MEG, scalp electroencephalogram (EEG), intracranial EEG and surgical technique was retrospectively reviewed. The pertinence of MAP-positive areas was confirmed by surgical consequence and pathology

Results: A complete of 20 sufferers had been identified with operculoinsular epilepsy had non-lesional MRI throughout 2010-2018, of which 11 sufferers with resective surgical procedures had been included. MEG confirmed clusters of single equal present dipole (SECD) in inferior frontal areas in 5 sufferers and temporal-insular/ frontal-temporal-insular/parietal-insular areas in 5 sufferers.

Four out of 11 sufferers had optimistic MAP outcomes. The MAP optimistic fee was 36.4%.

The optimistic areas had been in insular in one affected person and operculoinsular areas in three sufferers. Three of the 4 sufferers who had been MAP-positive bought seizure-free after efficiently resect the MAP-positive and MEG-positive areas (the pathology outcomes had been FCD IIb in two sufferers and FCD IIa in one affected person). 

Conclusions: MAP is a useful gizmo in detection the epileptogenic lesions in sufferers with MRI-negative operculoinsular epilepsy. Notably, in order to make a proper surgical regime choice, MAP outcomes ought to all the time be interpreted in the context of the affected person’s anatomo-electroclinical presentation.

Surgery of renal artery aneurysms: A monocentric retrospective examine

To report the outcomes of standard surgical procedure for renal artery aneurysms (RAA) in our middle.We retrospectively reviewed the recordsdata of all of the sufferers operated for RAA between 2009 and 2018 in our middle. We collected demographic, organic (renal perform), morphological (CT-scan), and practical (ultrasound examination, resistance index) pre and postoperative knowledge.

Clinical and paraclinical operative knowledge had been examined. Results had been expressed as common ± customary deviation or median and extremes.26 aneurysms had been operated in 20 kidneys (10 proper kidneys) amongst 19 sufferers, together with 13 (68%) ladies with a mean age of 55 (±12) years.

Three (16%) sufferers offered an aneurysm in a single kidney. The discovery of the aneurysm was fortuitous in 14 (74%) sufferers. One Marfan affected person was operated after a postpartum rupture. The median diameter of the operated aneurysms was 22 mm (7-48), and 23 (90%) had been hilar aneurysms.

Arterial restore was carried out in situ in 16 (80%) kidneys. The surgical procedure consisted of a direct arterial restore in 21 circumstances (81%), together with 4 resections and anastomosis, 12 aneurysmorraphies, and 5 complicated reconstructions. Four arterial replacements had been carried out (one prosthetic graft, two femoral grafts, and one inner iliac graft). The common length of renal clamping was 30.5 (±17.3) min.

Postoperative renal perform was unchanged in all of the sufferers besides one (5.2%) who required two days of postoperative dialysis. The resistance index of all of the operated kidneys was regular (0.66±0.08) at discharge. Sixteen (70%) of the 23 aneurysms examined, anatomopathology concluded to a dysplastic origin.

At three months, a scientific CT-scan objectified the patency of 95% of the arterial reconstructions however with three stenoses > 50%. One stenosis > 80% was handled at seven months by balloon angioplasty. Only one operated kidney offered a loss of viability of its higher pole. The imply length of follow-up was 54 ± 35 months.

By the top of the follow-up, major and secondary patency charges evaluated by Doppler ultrasound had been 90 and 95%, respectively.Conventional surgical procedure usually carried out in situ stays a positive and efficient therapy for RAA. This difficult surgical procedure for a uncommon illness ought to be carried out in experimented facilities.